葡萄牙亚速尔群岛大学老年学院
简介
葡萄牙（亚速尔群岛）国家文化简介及老年教育现状
简要历史
该群岛于1427年由葡萄牙航海家迪奥戈·德锡尔维什发现。
这些岛屿属于葡萄牙的领地。根据官方记载，这些岛屿在15世纪葡萄牙远征殖民之前是无人居住的。
亚速尔群岛在过去6个世纪中有人居住，并在葡萄牙和大西洋历史中发挥着重要作用。这些群岛一直占据着重要的战略位置。
对于从印度、非洲和巴西运送金、银和香料的葡萄牙帆船而言，它们是重要的停靠港。亚速尔群岛还是葡萄牙人在北非主要目标发起军事行动的有用平台。
在1580年的继承危机以及自由派和绝对主义者之间的葡萄牙自由内战（1828-1834年），亚速尔群岛是特塞拉岛自由派力量的最后堡垒。
在第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战期间，亚速尔群岛是盟军的重要战略支持。在第三次世界大战中，盟军利用特塞拉和圣玛丽亚的空军基地出于军事目的并为其战机加油。
目前这个群岛是北大西洋重要的交通中心。
亚速尔群岛一直是移居新国家（主要是美洲）的主要移民来源。
十八世纪时，在葡萄牙王室鼓励下，许多亚速尔群岛家庭移民到巴西，负责管理主要在该国南部各州的早期定居点。
亚速尔群岛的渔民也主要在19世纪（1920年至1950年）移民美国，并在东海岸和西海岸以及夏威夷建立了重要的移民社区。如今，仍然居住在美国的亚速尔群岛移民人数甚至超过了亚速尔群岛的常住人口。
文化
亚速尔群岛拥有丰富多样的成体系的遗产，包括教堂和其他宗教遗产。
亚速尔人有着自己的美食、音乐和民俗。
亚速尔群岛的文化、方言、美食和传统在一个岛屿与另一个岛屿之间也是非常不同的。
亚速尔群岛已经形成了自己独特的区域特征和文化特征，这是主要来自葡萄牙大陆的各种移民带来的各种文化和当地元素融合的结果。
亚速尔人庆祝天主教的宗教节日、守护神节人和传统的节日。
纵观整个亚速尔的历史上，其曾经历了繁荣、萧条、海盗和革命。如今其以友好的气氛和壮观的景色而闻名，吸引着来自世界各地的游客。
气候
一年四季都属于大洋性温带气候，年平均气温波动幅度较小，冬季平均气温13℃，夏季平均气温24℃。
空气潮湿，平均相对湿度约为75％，天气通常多云和湿润。
亚速尔群岛是一个高气压区，其引发了众所周知的亚速尔群岛反气旋。
主要产业
主要产业是农业、奶牛养殖、畜牧业、渔业、建筑业和旅游业。最近，旅游业正成为该地区的主要服务活动。在农业部门有一些利基产品，例如生长在米格尔岛的美丽的茶园中并出口到包括美国在内的许多国家的茶叶。茶文化是由两位来自澳门的华人在十九世纪引入的。今天，感谢这些中国人，亚速尔群岛的米格尔岛是欧洲唯一一个在古老茶厂使用现在真正的古董机械种植和制作茶叶的岛屿。
另一个重要的利基产品是葡萄酒，其主要产自皮克岛。
土壤被火山岩浆所形成的熔岩覆盖，葡萄种植于熔岩的缝隙中。其被手工砌筑的玄武岩石墙包围，以保护葡萄园免受来自大海的盐和风的侵袭。这些被石墙包围的裂缝被称为“科拉尔”，如图所示。科拉尔景观是联合国教科文组织生态景观遗址。
另一个利基市场产品是传统玻璃温室种植的亚速尔群岛菠萝。
所有这些利基产品都可以纳入国际老年大学协会（AIUTA）及其成员包括中国老年大学协会（CAUA）即将推出的学习考察计划中。
此外，相关第三产业中吸纳了亚速尔群岛政府在公共服务部门中直接或间接雇用的大量工人。
领土
所有的岛屿上都有许多火山口，其中一些火山口有美丽的湖泊。虽然没有活火山，但有很多喷气孔和温泉。它们是一个独特的旅游景点，也可以被用于热能。一些温泉水被用于热处理，也可以用于天然温泉游池，受到游客的高度赞赏。
火山地非常肥沃，低地的景观为郁郁葱葱的草地形成的富饶花园，牧羊人一年四季在点缀着干石墙和蓝色绣球花的牧场上放牧奶牛。在高海拔处有美丽的山脉，天然泉水形成了溪流和瀑布。
在欧盟伊拉兹马斯计划下，有很多外国学生选择到亚速尔群岛大学就读。他们选择在这里学习，并成为亚速尔群岛和大学的宣传大使。
亚速尔群岛大学致力于成为一个主要在生物多样性、火山学、旅游、海洋科学、历史和岛屿文化领域的学术高地，提供多种认证、硕士和博士学位课程。
在亚速尔群岛大学学习提供了一个在安全的环境中享受亚速尔群岛的美景和热情好客，并了解亚速尔群岛民众、文化和语言的绝佳机会。
亚速尔群岛大学老年学院
如今亚速尔群岛人口正面临老龄化，65岁及以上的居民比例正在增加。该地区的年轻人正在流失，他们选择其他国家寻找更好机会。这一现实证明了2003年创建终身学习计划的合理性。
亚速尔群岛大学自2003年起拥有一所老年大学，并在2017年至2018年间招收老年学员。
亚速尔群岛大学老年学院院长于在2016年欢迎国际老年大学协会（AIUTA）代表团的到来。
老年学院的背景
老年学院由亚速尔群岛大学于2003年创建，旨在寻找对亚速尔群岛社会人口老龄化趋势的应对方案。这种积极应对是必须的，因为科学证明，保持活力和兴趣的人活得更长寿、更幸福。
亚速尔群岛大学老年学院为其老年学生提供一个有活力的课程，其中包括免费课程、讲习班、会议、研讨会和文化活动。不仅仅是简单地利用老年人的空闲时间，此举有助于丰富学生的科学和文化知识，并且最重要的是这使得老年人可以参与有活力的项目，开展促进认知、情感和社会刺激的活动，从而有助于健康的老龄化和提升亚速尔群岛老年人的正面形象。
“黄昏之声”合唱团、“隽永文字”诗歌会和老年风景剧团收到的各种表演邀请，这明确地提升了亚速尔群岛大学不仅在地区和国家而且在海外移居地的形象，例如老年风景剧团到访美国并为当地的亚速尔群岛移民社区演出了三部剧场剧。
除了这些活动之外，亚速尔群岛大学老年学院还为老年学生组织年度旅行。最受欢迎的目的地是葡萄牙大陆、西班牙和亚速尔群岛。
主要教学单元和其他教育活动
2017/18年度，完成了6个模块的教学，每个模块时间为20至30小时，涵盖以下领域：公民参与与政治、福利与健康以及历史与文学（见表1）。
表1 - 2017/18年提供的教学模块
| 模块 – 2017/2018 |
| 遗产和民族志：“食物和更多”。亚速尔群岛的食物活动 - 讲师：鲁德苏萨马丁斯教授 |
| 21世纪的健康饮食 - “关于吃的神话与现实III” - 讲师：里贝罗教授 |
| “亚速尔群岛历史透视” - 讲师：卡洛斯里贝罗教授 |
| “气象学：天气和气候科学的开放窗口” - 讲师：玛丽亚加布里埃拉梅雷勒斯教授 |
| 个人发展、人际关系和心理健康 - 讲师：玛丽亚·特蕾莎·梅德罗斯教授 |
| 家庭与老年人自主 - 讲师：玛丽亚·达皮德·拉兰达教授 |
| 2017/2018讲习班 |
| 计算机入门 - 讲师：伊绍拉·里贝罗教授 |
| 互联网和网络 - 讲师：伊绍拉·里贝罗教授 |
| 英语I - 讲师：阿德里亚科尔多瓦教授 |
| 英语II - 讲师：阿德里亚科尔多瓦教授 |
| 身体和运动 - 讲师：马瑞亚教授 |
| 诗歌 - 讲师：马里奥先生 |
“黄昏之声”合唱团，风景剧团和戏剧表演小组的活动计划继续每年举行一次。
在2017/2018年，“黄昏之声”合唱团在蓬塔德尔加达、拉戈阿和里贝拉格兰德市进行了多场演出，其中在蓬塔德尔加达市政厅贵族大厅举办圣诞音乐会，并参加了当地流行的“向星星歌唱”的庆典活动。
在2017/2018年，诗歌会每个月的第一个星期一举办活动，他们还被邀请参加第一届国际诗歌大会闭幕晚会。
2017年，风景剧团在亚速尔群岛体育馆演出了《我爱亚速尔群岛九岛》的热门戏剧。
2016/2017年度还举办了5次研讨会，2017/18年度举办了3次研讨会，讨论老年学院成员感兴趣的话题。
整年中，老年学院的成员们在圣诞节、嘉年华和复活节等特定时间举办了各种各样的集体活动，例如午餐和晚宴以及庆祝老年学生生日和其他特殊场合的茶会等。
亚速尔大学老年学院老年学员的旅游偏好
在亚速尔群岛大学老年学院的老年学员的主要偏好中，我们可以突出以下几点：
1) 传统的“圣灵”（Holy Spirit）庆祝活动是亚速尔群岛主要的宗教活动和热门景点，也是旅游的强大刺激因素；
2) 文化之旅，可以更好地了解和体会所参观地区和人民的遗产和文化；
3) 最喜欢的旅行季节是5月和6月（春末夏初），因为此时温度较为温和。这里的老年群体对低温非常敏感；
4) 在住宿方面，他们更喜欢带电梯和空调客房的酒店；
5) 有一些人对某些食物有要求，喜欢煮熟和烧烤的菜肴；
6) 就机动性而言，只要不涉及长途徒步旅行，它们都非常适合有计划的参观计划。
Tu-Senior 55+研究项目
Tu-Senior 55+项目是一个由欧盟资助的研究项目，由亚速尔群岛大学的特蕾莎麦德罗教授负责协调，该项目正在实施之中，其目标如下：
了解从亚速尔群岛到不同地点（亚速尔群岛、葡萄牙大陆和美国和加拿大的亚速尔群岛移民社区）旅行的老年人的旅行动机、期望、愿望和需求，即与文化、健康和保健产品的消费有关;
基于前往亚速尔群岛旅游的老年人的需求和动机，并在功能限制、流动性、健康食品、待客之道以及有关亚速尔群岛文化和自然遗产的学习方面尊重其特殊性，创建老年旅游计划（为期一周的旅游）。这些旅程旨在优化全球老年人的福祉，并有助于老龄化的应对。
该项目持续3年，直到2020年。
亚速尔群岛，2018年5月5日
卡洛斯·桑托斯（亚速尔群岛大学旅游经济学教授与国际老年大学协会AIUTA副秘书长）
最终说明和致谢：本文由亚速尔群岛大学朵言教授卡洛斯·桑托斯教授编写，下述人员对本文的编写也作出了贡献：
亚速尔群岛大学校长若昂·奥卢·加斯帕尔教授；
亚速尔群岛大学交流、对外和国际关系副教授苏珊娜·米拉教授；
体育和文化推广院长罗莎·皮埃尔教授；
高级学院协调员若泽·利亚法尔达·里贝罗·达丰塞卡教授；
“Tu-Senior 55+”的研究项目协调员玛丽亚·丽莎·皮雷斯·德梅德罗斯教授;
老年学生委员会协调员：马尔加里达·雷戈·佩雷拉·阿尔梅。
Introduction of Portugal culture
Brief History
The archipelago is believed to have been discovered around 1427 by the Portuguese navigator Diogo de Silves.
The islands belong to Portugal, and according to official sources they were uninhabited until they were colonized by Portuguese expeditions in the 15th century.
The Azores were inhabited for the last 6 centuries and played an important role in the History of Portugal and in the history of the Atlantic. They have always enjoyed an important strategic location.
They were an important port-of-call for the Portuguese caravels coming from India, Africa and Brazil carrying gold, silver and spices. The Azores was a useful platform for the military operations launched by the Portuguese in the main squares of North Africa.
During the crisis of succession of 1580 and the Portuguese Liberal Civil Wars between liberals and absolutists (1828-1834) the Azores were the last bastion for the liberal faction resistance in the island of Terceira.
During World War I and II, the Azores were an important strategic support for the Allied forces. In the last world war the Allies used the air bases of Terceira and Santa Maria for military purposes and to refuel their war planes.
Nowadays the archipelago is an important communications center in the North Atlantic.
The Azores has been a source of emigrants that settled in new countries, mainly in the Americas.
In the eighteenth century, many Azorean families encouraged by the Portuguese Crown started emigrating to Brazil, being responsible for the early settlements mainly in the Southern States of the country.
The Azorean fishermen also emigrated to the United States mainly during the 19th century (between 1920 and 1950) where they established important emigrant communities both in the East and West Coast and in Hawaii. Still today the number of Azorean emigrants living in the US outweighs the resident population in the Azores archipelago.
Culture
The archipelago of the Azores has a rich and diversified built classified heritage, including churches and other religious patrimony.
The Azoreans have their own gastronomy, music and folklore.
The Azorean culture, dialect, cuisine, and traditions are very different from one island to the other.
Azoreans have developed their own distinct regional identity and cultural traits, the outcome of a combination of cultures brought by various waves of immigrants mainly from Portugal’s mainland and local factors.
The Azoreans celebrate catholic religious festivals, patron saints and traditional holiday periods.
Throughout its history the Azores has experienced periods of prosperity, depression, piracy and revolution. Nowadays it is renowned for its friendly atmosphere and spectacular scenery, attracting tourists from all over the world.
Climate
The climate is oceanic temperate all year-round, showing mild annual fluctuations with average temperatures of 13 ° C in winter and 24 ° C in summer.
The air is moist with an average relative humidity of about 75% and the weather is usually very cloudy and humid.
The Azores is a zone of high atmospheric pressure giving rise to the well know Azores anti-cyclone.
Main Industries
The main industries are agriculture, dairy farming, livestock, fishing, construction and tourism. Recently, tourism is becoming the major service activity in the region. In the agricultural sector there are some niche products such as tea, grown in gorgeous tea plantations in the island of S. Miguel and exported to many countries, including the US. The tea culture was introduced in the 19th century by two Chinese coming from Macau. Today and thanks to the Chinese the island of S. Miguel in the Azores is the only island in Europe that grows and produces tea in ancient tea factories using machinery that are now true antiques.
Harvesting Tea in the island of S. Miguel. The Chinese Lau-a-Pan the master and Lau-a-Teng his Assistant and translator.
Another important niche product is wine, mainly from the island of Pico.
The soil is covered with lava to plant the vines in the crevices. They are surrounded by handmade basalt stone walls to protect the vineyards against the salt and the winds that blow from the sea. The crevices protected by the stone walls are called corrals that we can see in the photo. The corrals landscape is a UNESCO Living Landscape Heritage Site.
Still another niche market product is the Azorean pineapples grown in traditional glass greenhouses.
All these niche products can be used for the study tours program that will be launched soon by AIUTA and its members, including the Chinese Association of Universities for the Aged (CAUA).
Pineapple plantations in glass greenhouses. The vineyards in the basalt stone walled corrals in the island of Pico
In addition, the relevant tertiary sector consists of a large number of workers employed by the government of the Azores, directly or indirectly, in the public service sectors.
Territory
All the islands are of volcanic origin with many craters, some of which have beautiful lakes. Although there are no active volcanos there are many fumaroles and hot springs. They are a unique tourism attraction and they are used for thermal purposes. Some thermal waters are used for thermal treatments and also in natural hot water swimming pools, highly appreciated by tourists.
The volcanic lands are very fertile and the lowland’s landscape is a humanized garden of lush meadows where shepherds graze their dairy cattle all year round in pastures embroidered with dry stone walls and hydrangeas of a dazzling blue. At high altitudes there are beautiful mountains where natural springs feed streams and waterfalls.
The abundance of natural resources together with an unspoiled nature and outstanding natural scenery explain in part the specialization of the Azores in nature tourism and the ongoing process to certify the Archipelago as a “Sustainable Destination” by the Global Sustainable Tourism Council.
Opening to Tourism
In a recent past the Regional Government of the Azores decided in favor of the liberalization of air routes between Portugal mainland and two islands of the archipelago.
With this liberalization, these routes became fully open at the entrance of any airline, including the so-called 'low cost carriers'.
The first year of operation of the low-cost airline “Ryanair” has put the region in the national and international tourism map, and the tourism authorities continue working hard to maintain its notoriety.
This month of May 2018, Delta Airlines starts operating five weekly non-stop flights between New York and the Azores. Besides Delta, the national Portuguese airline “TAP Air Portugal” and the regional company “Azores Airlines” also operate daily flights to and from the Azores.
Finally, the latest statistics of the Azores disclose an exponential growth in all indicators of tourism activity due to active pro-tourism policies adopted by the Regional Government.
The University of the Azores
The University of the Azores is a Portuguese university located in the Archipelago of the Azores.
The establishment of the University of the Azores took place in a period of regional politics dominated by pro-autonomy movements that developed in the second half of 1975. It was a moment of great political instability in Portugal’s mainland leading to the closure of many Portuguese universities. This situation forced the wealthier Azorean families to send their children to American and Canadian Universities. In this context the idea of creating a University in the Azores gained support. And in 1976 an Institute for Higher Education was set up in the island of S. Miguel. Later on it gave rise to the University of the Azores operating in the three main islands of the archipelago.
According to the President of the University since its foundation, 41 years ago, the University of the Azores has played a fundamental role in education and research, qualifying people and promoting economic growth, social improvement and intercultural awareness in the Archipelago.
Thanks to the EU Erasmus Program the University of the Azores now welcomes many foreign students who choose to pursue their studies and who became the best ambassadors of the Azores and its University.
The University of the Azores is committed to be a pole of excellence mainly in the fields of biodiversity, volcanology, tourism, marine sciences, history and the islands’ culture, offering several license, masters and doctorate degree programs.
Studying at the University of the Azores offers an excellent opportunity to learn more about Azorean people, culture and language, and to enjoy the beauty of Azorean landscapes as well as the warm hospitality of its people in a safe environment.
The Senior Academy of the University of the Azores
Nowadays the Azorean population is aging and the percentage of residents 65 years old and over is increasing. The region is losing many young people that choose other countries looking for better opportunities. This reality justified the creation of a Life Long Learning Program in 2003.
The University of the Azores has a Senior Academy since 2003 with senior students in the year 2017-2018
The President of the Seniors Academy of the University of the Azores welcomes the AIUTA delegation in 2016.
Context of the Seniors Academy
The Senior Academy was created by the University of the Azores in 2003 with the purpose of finding a response to the population aging trend of the Azorean society. This response is a must since it is scientifically proven that people who remain active and with interests live longer and happier lives.
| MODULES – 2017/2018 |
| Heritage and Ethnography: “Eat and cry for more”. Food practices in the Azores archipelago – Lecturer: Prof. Rui de Sousa Martins |
| Healthy Eating in the XXI – “Myths and Realities of Knowing to Eat III” - Lecturer: Prof. Carlos Ribeiro |
| “Perspectives on the History of the Azores” – Lecturer: Prof. Carlos Cordeiro |
| “Meteorology: An open window on the science of weather and climate” – Lecturer: Prof. Maria Gabriela Meirelles |
| Personal development, interpersonal relationships and psychological well-being – Lecturer: Prof. Maria Teresa Medeiros |
| Family and autonomy of the elderly – Lecturer: Prof. Maria da Piedade Lalanda |
The various invitations to perform received by the "Voices at Dusk" Choral Group, by the "Meaningful Words" Poetry Group and by the Seniors Scenic Group, have unequivocally contributed to promote the University of the Azores not only at the regional and national levels but even in the diaspora, thanks to trips to the United States of America of the Scenic Group, to perform three theater plays to the communities of Azorean emigrants.
In addition to these activities the Senior Academy of the University of the Azores organizes an annual trip for their senior students. And the favorite destinations have been the Portuguese mainland, Spain and the Azorean islands.
Main Teaching Modules and Other Educational Activities
In 2017/2018, 6 modules were completed with duration of 20 to 30 hours each covering the following areas: Civic Participation and Politics, Welfare and Health and History and Literature (See table 1).
Table 1 - Modules offered in 2017/2018.
In addition to the aforementioned modules 6 workshops were offered, namely:
| Workshops 2017/2018 |
| Introduction to Computers – Lecturer: Prof. Isaura Ribeiro |
| Internet and Web – Lecturer: Prof. Isaura Ribeiro |
| English I – Lecturer: Prof. Andrea Cordova |
| English II – Lecturer: Prof. Andrea Cordova |
| Body and Movement – Lecturer: Prof. Maria João Gouveia |
| Poetry – Lecturer: Mr. Mário |
In 2017/2018 a total of 85 students were enrolled in the Senior Academy, aged between 60 years and 92 years.
The program of activities of the "Voices at Dusk" choir, of the Scenic Theater Group and of the Dramatic Expression group continued on an annual basis.
In 2017/2018, the choral group "Voices at Dusk" gave several performances in the Municipalities of Ponta Delgada, Lagoa and Ribeira Grande, among which a Christmas Concert in the noble hall of the Ponta Delgada City Hall and a participation in the " Sing to the Stars " local popular festivities.
In 2017/2018, the Poetry Group performs every first Monday of each month and they were invited for the Closing Gala of the First International Poetry Encounter.
In 2017 the scenic group is concerned performed one popular theater play in the Azorean Coliseum, entitled "I love the Nine Islands of the Azores".
In 2016/2017 5 seminars were also held and in 2017/2018 3 seminars were offered covering topics of interest to members of the Senior Academy.
Throughout the year members of the Senior Academy promoted various moments of fellowship, such as lunches and dinners at specific times like Christmas, Carnival and Easter, as well as tea ceremonies to celebrate senior students’ birthdays and other special occasions.
Travelling preferences of the Senior students of the Senior Academy of the University of the Azores
Among the main preferences of the senior students of the Senior Academy of University of the Azores we can highlight the following:
a) The traditional festivities of the Holy Spirit, which is a major religious and popular attraction in the Azores and a strong travel motivation;
b) Cultural trips that allow a better knowledge and understanding of the heritage and the culture of the places and people visited;
c) The favorite travelling season is May and June (the late mid-season and early summer season) when temperatures are milder as it is a group with great sensitivity to low temperatures;
d) In terms of accommodation they prefer hotels with lifts and air-conditioned rooms;
e) There are a few members of the group who have some food restrictions, preferring cooked and grilled dishes;
f) In terms of mobility, they are well-suited to planned visit programs as long as there are no major long walking tours.
Research Project Tu-Senior 55+
The project Tu-Senior 55+ is an EU funded research project with a team coordinated by Professor Teresa Medeiros of the University of the Azores that is being implemented with the following objectives:
- Understand the travel motivations, expectations, desires and needs of seniors travelling from the Azores to various locations (The Azores islands, Portugal mainland and the Azorean emigrants communities in the USA and Canada) namely as far as the consumption of cultural and health and wellness products are concerned;
- Build a senior tourism program (a one week tour) based on the needs and motivations of the seniors travelling to the Azores and respecting their specificities in terms of functional limitations, mobility, healthy food, thermalism and learning about the Azorean cultural and natural heritage. These tours are aimed at optimizing global senior’s well-being and promoting active aging.
The project runs for 3 years until 2020. We have
Azores, May 5th, 2018
Carlos Santos
(Full Professor of Economics of Tourism at the University of the Azores; and
Vice-Secretary General of AIUTA)
Final Note and Acknowledgments: This text was prepared by Professor Carlos Santos, the Doyen Professor of the University of the Azores, with several contributions, namely from:
a) The President of the University of the Azores, Professor João Luís Gaspar;
b) The Vice-President of the University of the Azores for Communication, External and International Relations, Professor Susana Mira Leal;
c) The Dean for Sports and Cultural Extension, Professor Hélder José Alves Rocha Pereira;
d) The Coordinator of the Senior Academy, Professor Josélia Mafalda Ribeiro da Fonseca;
e) The Coordinator of the research project entitled “Tu-Senior 55+”, Professor Maria Teresa Pires de Medeiros; and,
- The Coordinator of the Senior Student’s Commission: Dra Margarida Rego Pereira Almeida.
